Cat Urinary Tract Infection & Disease

In cats, urinary tract infections are far less common than they are in dogs. Nonetheless, our Huntersville vets do commonly see a number of other urinary tract conditions in cats. Today we explain explain symptoms and treatments for urinary tract infections and other urinary conditions seen in cats.

Cat Urinary Tract Infection - Cat UTIs

While urinary tract issues are often seen in cats, your cat is more likely to suffer from a urinary tract disease rather than an infection.

When cats do develop urinary tract infections (also called a UTIs) they are often the result of an endocrine disease such as hyperthyroidism or diabetes mellitus. It is also the case that cats who suffer from UTIs are most usually 10 years of age or older.

If your feline friend is showing signs of a urinary tract infection (see below) and is diagnosed with an infection such as cystitis your vet will prescribe an antibacterial to help fight your cat's infection.

The most common symptoms of urinary tract infections in cats include:

• Straining to urinate
• Reduced amounts of urine
• Not urinating at all
• Pain or discomfort when urinating
• Passing urine tinged with blood
• Urinating around the house, outside of the litter box

If your cat has any of the symptoms listed above they may be suffering from a UTI but these symptoms could also be an indication of a feline lower urinary tract disease or FLUTD. 

Feline Urinary Tract Disease - FLUTD

FLUTD, Feline lower urinary tract disease is a general term that refers to a cluster of clinical symptoms. FLUTD can cause issues in your cat’s urethra and bladder, often leading the urethra to become obstructed, or preventing your cat's bladder from emptying properly.

Urinating can be difficult, painful or impossible for cats suffering from FLUTD. They may also urinate more frequently, or in inappropriate areas outside their litter box (occasionally on surfaces that are cool to the touch such as a tile floor or bathtub).

Left untreated FLUTD symptoms can become very serious or even life-threatening.

Causes of Feline Urinary Tract Disease

FLUTD is a complex condition to diagnose and treat since there are multiple causes and contributing factors to this disease. Crystals, stones or debris can gradually build up in your cat's urethra - the tube connecting the bladder to the outside of your cat’s body - or bladder.

Some other common causes of feline lower urinary tract issues include:

• Incontinence due to excessive water consumption or weak bladder
• Spinal cord issues
• Urethral plug caused by the accumulation of debris from urine
• Bladder infection, inflammation, urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Injury or tumor in the urinary tract
• Congenital abnormalities
• Emotional or environmental stressors

Although cats of any age can suffer from this condition, FLUTD symptoms are most often seen in cats who are overweight, middle-aged, have little to no access to the outdoors, eat a dry food diet or do not get enough physical activity. Male cats are also more prone to urinary diseases since their narrower urethras are more likely to become blocked. 

Using an indoor litter box, emotional or environmental stress, multi-cat households or sudden changes to their everyday routine can also leave cats more vulnerable to urinary tract disease.

If your cat is diagnosed with FLUTD it is essential to determine the underlying cause. FLUTD symptoms can be caused by serious underlying health issues such as bladder stones or infection to cancer or a blockage.

If your vet is unable to determine the cause of your cat's FLUTD, your kitty may be diagnosed with a urinary tract infection called cystitis which is inflammation of the bladder.

Symptoms of Feline Urinary Tract Disease in Cats

The following symptoms are commonly exhibited by cats suffering from FLUTD:

It’s critical that any bladder or urinary issue be treated as early as possible. Delays in treatment could lead to your cat's urethra becoming partially or completely obstructed, which can prevent your feline friend from urinating.

Diagnosis of Feline Urinary Tract Disease

Urinary tract infections in cats require veterinary care, as do cats suffering from FLUTD. If your cat is showing any of the symptoms above it's time to visit the vet. If your cat is straining to urinate or crying out in pain contact your vet, or the nearest emergency vet as soon as possible - your cat may be experiencing a veterinary emergency.

Your vet will perform a complete physical exam to help assess your cat's symptoms and perform a urinalysis to get further insight into your kitty's condition. Radiographs, blood work and a urine culture may also need to be done. 

Cat FLUTD & Urinary Tract Infection Recovery

Urinary issues in cats can be complex and serious, so the first step should be to make an appointment with your vet for immediate care. The underlying cause of your cat's urinary symptoms will dictate which treatment is recommended, but could include:

• Increasing your cat's water intake
• Antibiotics or medication to relieve symptoms
• Modified or prescription diet
• Expelling of small stones through the urethra
• Urinary acidifiers
• Fluid therapy
• Urinary catheter or surgery for male cats to remove urethral blocks

Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.